Organization and contacts
Dušica Brnović, Director
SECTOR OF METEOROLOGY AND AIR QUALITY
Deparment of Weather analysis and Forecasting
Tanja Mirkovic , Head of Deparmtnent
Phone/fax: +382 20 655 186/197
E-mail: tanja.mirkovic@meteo.co.me
Department of Meteorological monitoring
Miraš Drljević, Head of Deparmtnent
Phone/fax: +382 20 655 183/197
E-mail: miras.drljevic@meteo.co.me
Department of Applied meteorology and Climate change
Mirjana Ivanov, Head of Department
Phone/fax: +382 20 655 183/local 125
E-mail: mirjana.ivanov@meteo.co.me
Deparment of Numerical Modelling, Satellite and Radar meteorology
Angel Marčev, Head of Department
Phone/fax: +382 20 655 045/197
E-mail: angel.marcev@meteo.co.me
Department of Climatology
Slavica Micev, Head of Department
Phone/fax: +382 20 655 431/197
E-mail: slavica.micev@meteo.co.me
Department of Air quality
M.Sc. Ljubodrag Samardžić, Head of Department
Phone/fax: +382 20 655 183/197
E-mail: ljubodrag.samardzic@meteo.co.me
SECTOR OF HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY
Acting Assistant Director – Ervin Kalač
Department of Hydrological monitoring
Nevzeta Aliliović, Head of Department
Phone/fax: +382 20 655 435/197
E-mail: nevzeta.alilovic@meteo.co.me
Department of Hydrological analysis
Mirjana Popović, Head of Department
Phone/fax: +382 20 655 183/lokal 118
E-mail: mirjana.popovic@meteo.co.me
Department of Hydrometry
Golub Ćulafić, Head of Department
Phone/fax: +382 20 655 045
E-mail: golub.culafic@meteo.co.me
Department of Water quality
M.Sc. Nevenka Tomić, Head of Department
Phone/fax: +382 20 655 183/lokal 121
E-mail: nena.tomic@meteo.co.me
SECTOR OF HYDROGRAPHY
Department of Hydrography and Oceanography
M.Sc. Luka Ćalić, Head of Department
Phone/fax: +382 20 655 183/local 227
E-mail: luka.calic@meteo.co.me
Deparment of Geodesy and Maritime cartography
MSc. Radovan Kandić, Head of Department
Phone/fax: +382 20 655 183/local 227
E-mail: radovan.kandic@meteo.co.me
SECTOR OF SEISMOLOGY
Department of Engineering Seismology
M.Sc. Jadranka Mihaljević, Head of Department
Phone/fax: +382 20 648 146
E-mail: mihaljevic@seismo.co.me
Department of Seismological data Analysis and Processing
Milena Tomanović, Head of Department
Phone/fax: +382 20 648 146
E-mail: tomanovic@seismo.co.me
Other services
Department of Information System
Mirjana Spalević, Head of Department
Phone/fax: +382 20 655 183/local 124
E-mail: mirjana.spalevic@meteo.co.me
Deparment of International Relations
Spec.Sci. Ivana Adžić, Head of Department
Phone/fax: +382 20 655 548/197
E-mail: ivana.adzic@meteo.co.me
Service of General affairs and Finance
Office for General Affairs, Head of Department – Mladenka Kruščić
Office for Financial Affairs, Head of Department – Milica Mihaljević (Public procurement Officer)
Climatology – Characteristics
The specificity of Montenegro’s location, in terms of weather and climate conditions, arises from the fact that it is situated in a zone of pronounced thermal asymmetry between cold northern Europe and very warm northern Africa. Right above Montenegro, there is an intense exchange of warm air masses moving northward and cold air masses traveling southward. Very often, over Montenegro, these air masses with extremely different physical and meteorological characteristics collide and mix. The climate and weather in Montenegro are significantly influenced by orography, mountains and valleys, their orientation, proximity to the sea, the meridional extension of the Adriatic Sea, the proximity of a large water surface like the Mediterranean Sea, and the proximity of a vast landmass to the north.
The geographical position of Europe and Montenegro allows major atmospheric systems, such as the Genoa cyclone, the Adriatic cyclone, the Icelandic depression, the Black Sea depression, the Azores anticyclone, the Siberian anticyclone, the Central European anticyclone, the cold frontal system from the north (Arctic cold front), and the warm tropical front from the south, to strongly impact weather conditions and climate.
The dominant climate types are:
- Maritime type
- Mountain type
- Continental type
In continental and mountainous areas, the primary climate types are often modified and interwoven within a single area, creating specific subtypes. For instance, the maritime climate extends deep into the continental regions, modifying the classical continental and mountain climates. As a result, we may observe a continental climate modified by the mountain type, a continental climate modified by the maritime type, or even a mountain climate modified by the maritime influence.
Montenegro’s territory can be divided into six climatic regions with distinct climates, though without clearly defined boundaries:
- Coastal region – characterized by long, hot summers and mild winters with heavy precipitation.
- Zeta-Bjelopavlići plain – experiences long, hot, and dry summers with high temperatures and warm nights, as well as mild winters with significant precipitation and slightly lower temperatures than the coastal area.
- Mountainous hinterland of the Adriatic – an area with the highest precipitation levels in Europe, particularly in the mountainous region above the Bay of Kotor (Krivošije). In this area, on the steep slopes of Mount Orjen, the village of Crkvice (940 m above sea level) receives an average of about 5000 mm of annual precipitation (the European maximum), with record years nearing 7000 mm, primarily due to pronounced orographic precipitation.
- Northern continental region up to approximately 700 m altitude – the area with the lowest annual precipitation, which is evenly distributed throughout the year.
- Continental areas around 1000 m altitude – in the mountainous northern regions, summers are short and humid, while winters are long and harsh, with frequent frosts and temperatures that sharply decrease with elevation.
- Mountain regions above 1500 m altitude – characterized by a snowy-forest climate, long cold winters, and areas where snow cover persists throughout the year.
The dominant winds in Montenegro are from the north-northeast and the south. Among local winds, the most well-known is the “bora” on the coast, while in summer, there are periodic daily winds – a sea breeze during the day and a land breeze at night.
Monitoring
The network of seismological stations is distributed throughout the territory of Montenegro and is equipped with sensors for different purposes. Seismometers measure the speed of movement, accelerometers measure ground acceleration caused by earthquakes, while permanent GNSS stations provide precise, continuous monitoring of movement over time due to kinematic processes in the Earth’s crust. The seismic network is equipped with Geotech-brand sensors (short-period seismometers SP-type S13 and long-period seismometers BB-type KS2000), as well as one borehole sensor VBB-type Streckeisen STS-5A. The network of accelerometers consists of sensors of the following types: Geotech PA23 and Guralp CMG-5T. The institute has two permanent GNSS stations. The receivers at these stations are Leica GRX1200 GG Pro, paired with Leica AT504 antennas. The sector also utilizes data from nine reference GNSS stations of the MontePos state network (according to a cooperation agreement with the Administration for Cadastre and State Property of Montenegro). The acquisition center (located at the Department of Seismology in Podgorica) receives digitized signals from the sensors of the seismological network. The connection to the stations is established through the digital network of the Radio Diffusion Center (RDC) and microwave links owned by the Institute (either to the RDC repeater or directly to the acquisition center). Signals from the seismological network are collected in the acquisition center on servers. These servers handle data processing, automatic determination of earthquake parameters (such as the location of the epicenter, depth of the hypocenter, and magnitude), and real-time exchange of seismic signals with seismological services, research institutions, and scientific communities. The exchange of all seismological data (seismic, accelerometric, and GNSS) is conducted based on verified cooperation agreements.
The objectives of seismological data exchange (including signals from different sensor types, parametric data, etc.) are numerous:
- Improved territorial coverage and higher-quality seismic monitoring
- More accurate determination of earthquake parameters
- Enhanced reliability of services in emergency situations
- Research on seismic wave propagation and the structure of the Earth’s crust
- Support for Ph.D. research and academic studies
