Bumbești-Jiu is a town in Gorj County, Oltenia, Romania, on the river Jiu. It administers four villages: Curtișoara, Lăzărești, Pleșa and Tetila. It officially became a town in 1989, as a result of the Romanian rural systematization program.
Historical landmarks
As historical attestation there are both documentary sources (December 14, 1514 – the act by which Neagoe Vodă justifies the Vişina Monastery in the lawsuit for the estate with the villages Bumbești and Porceni) but especially material sources (the ruins of the Roman Camp).
On the territory of the city is located a Roman Camp built in 106, which proves its antiquity, as well as the Lainici and Vişina Monasteries dating from the 14th century.
Geographical location The
town of Bumbești-Jiu is located between the parallel 45 ° 10 ’north latitude and the meridian 23 ° 20′ east longitude at half the distance between the Equator and the North Pole in the temperate zone.
As a county, the administrative territory of Bumbești-Jiu is located in the northern part of the county and in its central area, bordering Hunedoara county (north) and having as neighbors the municipality of Târgu-Jiu (south) and communes Mușetești (east), Schela and Turcinești (west).
The relief forms encountered in the studied territorial limits are mostly the mountains (here being demarcated between the Vulcan mountains and the Parâng mountains) which continue to the south with the hill area. The city of Bumbești-Jiu is crossed from North to South by the Jiu River.
The administrative unit Bumbești-Jiu also includes the localities of Curtișoara, Lăzărești, Pleșa and Tetila.
Surface:
The total administrative area of Bumbești-Jiu City according to the General Urban Plan drawn up in 1997 was 21402.40 ha, of which 1076.63 ha in the built-up area.
Out of the total area of 21402.40 ha, the agricultural land occupies 4981.10 ha, ie 23.27%. The breakdown of agricultural land by use and occupied area is as follows: arable – 1580.70 ha (7.38%), pastures 2053.30ha (9.59%), hayfields 826ha (3.86%), vineyards 265.10ha (1.24%), orchards 256ha (1.2%).
The breakdown of non-agricultural land by use and occupied area is as follows: forests 15512.70ha (72.48%), water 235.90 ha (1.1%), roads 234.60ha (1.1%), construction 341.40ha (1.6%), unproductive 96.70ha (0.45%) .
Divided by localities, the urban area of the city is divided as follows: Bumbești-Jiu 489.5ha, Curtișoara 226.20ha, Lăzărești 62.51ha, Plesa 106.47ha, Tetila 191.90ha.
Natural resources:
The hydrographic network in the Bumbești-Jiu City area consists of the Jiu River and its tributaries, a watercourse that crosses the city, but also the county from north to south.
The main tributaries of the Jiu on the territory of the city are: Polatiștea brook (basin area of 1050 km2 and a length of 55 km) and Sadu brook (basin area of 95 km2 and length of 21 km) which are located on the left side where it adds many other smaller tributaries on both sides of the Jiu (Cerbănașu, Chitiu, Porcului, Bratcu streams, etc.).
The hydrographic density is different on the different floors of the relief starting from 0.7 – 0.8 km / kmp in the mountain area and reaching 0.5 – 0.6 km / kmp in the sub-Carpathian area and 0.4 km / kmp in the hilly area.
Although only one of the most important investment objectives of the county – the hydrotechnical arrangement of the Jiu River – which on the territory of the city has as distinct objective the accumulation lake Valea Sadului with a projected volume of 360 was in execution (practically interrupted due to lack of funds). million cubic meters and with the three hydropower plants initially designed with an installed capacity of 57MW capacities on which it was returned several times. The mentioned accumulation lake, in addition to the basic energy function, will solve other problems for the city, county and even outside it, respectively providing water for irrigating an area of over 70,000 ha (in Dolj and Gorj counties), ensuring an additional flow of 7.5m3 / sec for water supply of localities,
The hydropower development of the Jiu River, the gorge sector includes two power plants on derivations, as follows:
-CHE Dumitra
-CHE Bumbești.
The gorge sector of the Jiu River between Livezeni and the confluence with the Sadu River, has a length of 30 km with a hydropower potential of 52 MW, respectively an energy of 460 Gwh / year.
The exploitation of this potential has multiple advantages, such as:
-production of energy from renewable and non-polluting resources;
-the consequent elimination of energy producers based on fossil resources, which produce a significant degradation of the environment (pollutant emissions, degradation of land for lignite mining, tailings or ash dumps) or which require import efforts (oil and / or natural gas) burdensome for the national economy;
-improving the national energy balance in a sustainable development perspective as any production of hydroelectric energy represents an absolute energy gain (saving limited fossil resources), while its non-production represents an irrecoverable energy loss.
Vegetation and fauna:
Forests as forest structure and vegetation reflect the specifics of the landforms on which they are developed.
In the mountain area there is a certain „stratification“ at altitude of the main forest formations, namely gorunete, beech, beech mixtures with conifers, spruces, clearer stratification in the Parâng mountains and more diffuse in the Vâlcan mountains.
In the area of the sub-Carpathian hills there are, with a higher frequency, gorunete on sunny slopes and beeches on shady slopes.
The general phyto-sanitary condition of the forests is assessed as good, most of the stands being relatively healthy, although some pest attacks have also been reported. On the whole of the forests in the studied territory, the process of physiological establishment of the trees was accentuated especially after 1995, currently affecting about 20% of the trees:
-groups of group I with special functions for the protection of water, soil, climate and objectives of national interest, forests for recreation, natural monuments and reservations.
-forests from group II with production and protection functions, in which the aim is to achieve mainly high quality wood and other forest products and, at the same time, the protection of environmental factors.
In addition to the basic activities, which consist of afforestation (about 0.8ha per year), growth, maintenance and protection of the forest, forestry and other production activities such as: collecting berries, hunting, and selling timber ( reached operation in a volume of 10-11 thousand cubic meters per year).
Furthermore, the activity of forestry bodies will have to place special emphasis on the development and capitalization of the forest as a constituent element of the landscape with multiple functions, as protection against destructive natural forces, protection of drinking water reserves, resting place for a large part of the population. .
Starting with January 2006, the protected natural area regime was established and the classification in the corresponding management categories was approved by the Jiu Gorge national park in order to conserve biological diversity. Thus, during the forest fund management works, all forests included in the national park fall into functional group I, and forests in special conservation areas fall into the functional categories corresponding to functional type I, according to the technical rules in force for forest management).
Climate and relief:
A brief analysis of the relief forms places the town of Bumbești-Jiu exactly at the confluence of the Vâlcan mountains (to the west of the county) with the Parâng mountains (to the east of the county), the mountainous area continues with the hill area.
The climate is generally temperate continental with a variety of shades determined by the atmospheric circulation and the relief components present and is characterized by the following features:
-solar radiation is around 1000 kcal / cmc / year in the north and increases to about 1100 kcal / cmc / year in the south.
-the average annual temperature varies between 3 ° C in the mountain areas, 8 ° C in the hilly area and about 10 ° C in the area of the intracoline depressions.
-the average temperature of January (the coldest) is -5 ° C and of July (the warmest) is 22 ° C.
-the precipitation has an uneven distribution in the territory and decreases from north to south from 1900 mm / year at altitudes above 1600m, at 950 mm / year in the hilly area with highs in May, June, November and lows in February
– the snow layer has an uneven distribution, in the high mountain area lasts 180 – 200 days c thicknesses can reach 80-90 cm, decreasing in the hill area of 60-80 days / year.
-the dominant winds are from the north-west to south-east direction.
The soils found in the study area are very varied and specific to the relief forms starting from the mountain area with acid brown soils, podzolic brown soils continuing in the hilly area with podzolic brown soils and reaching the depression area where brown soils predominate.
Business environment:
In Bumbești-Jiu there is an industrial unit – UM SADU – which aims to manufacture special products for defense and consumer economics.
Among the industrial units are the four quarries of construction materials whose products are sought both in Gorj County and abroad to modernize roads, railways, industrial and civil construction, etc.
We also specify that in May 2003 SC Parc Industrial SA Bumbești-Jiu was established, at the former UM Sadu II, being under the tutelage of Gorj County Council. This industrial park has an area of 18.9ha, of which the built area is 40% of the total area and has all the utilities: road network, railway, water supply, sewerage, sewage treatment plant, natural gas, electricity, in conclusion a very strong infrastructure.
Leoni, a global provider of energy and data management solutions in the field of vehicle construction and other industrial fields, officially inaugurated on May 30, 2018 the factory belonging to Leoni Wiring Systems Pitesti. The new factory started its production on January 15, 2018 and operates in the Bumbești-Jiu Industrial Park, instead of the Italian company Pirelli, with 3 families of motor wiring for Dacia and Renault-Nissan customers.
There are about 400 companies in the city. There is also 90AF and activities on individuals. The companies with activity are profiled on industrial production, semi-finished products, services, trade (mostly), food products, etc.
The Public Administrative Service also operates in the locality with approximately 25 employees, who are in charge of managing the city.
Tourism:
The administrative territory of Bumbești-Jiu City, is part of the mountain tourist area and has a valuable tourist potential characterized by a generous natural environment through all its components but also by important anthropic tourist attractions. To this is added the preservation of old occupations and crafts, of beautiful customs and folk customs.
This area includes a special concentration of tourist objectives, both in the mountainous area and in the hilly and subcarpathian depression that is imposed by:
-high density landscape aspects in which the Jiu gorge is of great beauty;
-the southern slopes of the mountains have great availability for the necessary arrangements for winter sports (especially in the area Balea – Lucaturile) at altitudes of 1450 – 1500m;
-expensive forest areas in the mountain area as ideal places for recreation and rest;
-important hunting background;
-the museum of folk architecture from Curtișoara;
-Lainici monastery and other wooden churches with monument value;
-possibility to use the accumulation lake to be built as a place of recreation and rest (through sports activities)
As the access to the area is ensured on the national road DN 67 and through other modernized roads it is appreciated that it is possible to practice a complex tourism, mountain, winter sports, mountaineering, sport fishing and hunting, cultural tourism.
The tourist reception structures are reduced in terms of comfort and number of places, registering as organized structures only the Lainici complex which has a share of less than 5% of the number of tourists coming to the county.
Cultural heritage: The
list of monuments located on the territory of Bumbești-Jiu is as follows:
-the ruins of the Roman stone camp and civil settlement from the 2nd and 3rd century from Bumbești-Jiu on the left bank of the Jiu on both sides of the national road.
-The Roman land fortress and civil settlement from the 15th century. I – II from Bumbești-Jiu locality in the place called „Vârtop“ 1 km from the locality.
-The ruins from the medieval period XIV – XV in Bumbești-Jiu in the former village Valea Sadului in the point „Luncani“.
-The land fortress from the sec. I – II from the village of Pleşa on the right bank of the Jiu, 1 km west of the village.
-Lainici Monastery and the Hermitage of Bad Places.
-The „Saint Nicholas“ Church (1760) from Bumbești-Jiu locality
-The „Holy Trinity“ Church of the Vișina Monastery (14th century) with the ruins of the Bell Tower in Bumbești-Jiu locality.
-The „Saint Nicholas“ church from Lăzărești village.
-The church „Change in the face“ (1702) from the village of Tetila.
-The Museum of Popular Architecture, Cula Cornoiu (18th century), the church „Sfântul Ioan Botezătorul“ (1820), peasant houses and mansions, agricultural installations, in the village of Curtișoara.
At the same time by the Decision of the Permanent Delegation of the Gorj County Council, no. 82/1994, natural areas and monuments were established in Gorj County, according to which, for the City of Bumbești-Jiu, the following areas are nominated that have a special protection regime established by the normative acts in force:
a) Forest
reserves : – Chitu Forest – Bratcu for the coniferous forest.
-Gornăcel Forest – Pleşa village – for the first New Year’s Eve.
b) Geological reserves:
-The „Sphinx of the Lains“ stone.
-The rocks of Rafaila.
c) „Jiu Gorge“ National Park
Road and transport infrastructure:
In terms of accessibility, the territory of Bumbești-Jiu has good accessibility both from the center of the county (Târgu-Jiu municipality), from which it is at a distance of 18 km and from Novaci, from which it was at a distance of 37 km.
The road network in the city, analyzed in the context of the connections with the neighboring communes and with the county transport connections, consists of:
-DN 66 Târgu-Jiu – Petroșani;
-DJ 665 which connects with the City of Novaci and with the northern part of the county;
-DC 149 which connects with Schela commune;
-DC 2, 3, 3A which ensures the connection with the belonging villages.
The national road, the county and communal roads are modernized, the quality of the infrastructure and the road system is adequate.
The total length of the streets in the built-up area is 55.11 km, of which 13,235 km is the national road, 8,725 km is the county road and 33.15 km is represented by the streets of Bumbești-Jiu (6.2 km) and by rural streets and local roads (26.95 km).
The communication routes represented by the railways and the roads have a density above the county average, which proves once again the degree of development of the city.
The railway network is primarily represented by the normal railway that crosses the city from north to south and connects Oltenia and Transylvania through the Jiu gorge with a simple, electrified circuit and low transport capacity.
Electricity:
The electricity supply of the localities is ensured from the national energy system through the power lines of the substations and substations (OHL 220 KV Paroșeni – Târgu-Jiu, OHL 110KV Paroșeni – Bârsești, OHL 110KV Paroșeni – Bărbătești, respectively power stations 110 / 20KV transformer and Parangul substations as well as transformer).
It is worth mentioning that the City of Bumbești-Jiu is also a producer of electricity through the hydroelectric power plant on the Sadu River with an installed capacity of 1.6 MW to which will be added in the future the plants related to the hydroelectric works complex on the Jiu River.
Telecommunications
On the territory of Bumbești-Jiu there are important telecommunications installations that serve the local needs, of the county and at the level of the entire country. Thus, for intercity telephony, the territory of the city is crossed by the coaxial cable Târgu-Jiu – Petroșani and the fiber optic cable in the direction of Craiova – Târgu-Jiu – Caransebeș.
For the needs of the city, a digital telephone exchange with a capacity of 1500 telephone stations has been set up, to which another 500 are added.
From the point of view of mobile telephony, the territory of the locality is covered by the antennas of four companies (Vodafone, Orange, Telekom, RDS-RCS).